Kev tsim cov oligosaccharide prebiotics
Txoj kev npaj
Txoj kev tsim cov oligosaccharides yog kwv yees li ntawm tsib hom hauv qab no:
Raffinose
① Extracted los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso raw cov ntaub ntawv, xws li extracting raffinose los ntawm beet kua txiv los yog beet pov tseg molasses, extracting stachyose los ntawm cov nroj tsuag Zelan, extract soybean oligosaccharides los ntawm soybean whey nrog soybean protein tshem tawm, thiab extracting los ntawm carrots Nws tsim bifidogenic yam xws li nitrogenous polysaccharides thiab nitrogenous polysaccharides. . [8]
②Nws yog tsim los ntawm microbial enzymatic hydrolysis, xws li mis nyuj lossis qe dawb kho nrog papain lossis pepsin kom tau txais peptide bifidus yam.
③ Tsim los ntawm kev hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob microbial enzymes, industrially tsim oligosaccharides yog tsim los ntawm biological enzymatic hydrolysis los yog hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, xws li isomaltose, fructooligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, lactulose, lactose oligosaccharides thiab chitosan.
④ Nws yog tsim los ntawm acid hydrolysis lossis alkali hloov dua siab tshiab. Piv txwv li, lactulose yog ib qho oligosaccharide uas ua los ntawm alkali hloov dua siab tshiab hauv kev lag luam; oligosaccharides tsim los ntawm acid hydrolysis polysaccharide tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb vim acid hydrolysis, thiab cov saccharides hauv cov khoom yog complex. Nws tsis yooj yim kom tau txais cov oligosaccharides tshwj xeeb.
⑤ Tsim los ntawm chemical synthesis txoj kev, xws li kev tsim cov suab thaj cawv nrog bifidogenic yam ua haujlwm los ntawm cov suab thaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem hydrogenation, xws li xylitol thiab lactitol.
Raws li hais saum toj no-hais tseem ceeb txoj kev ntawm kev npaj oligosaccharides muaj kev txhawj xeeb, nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau ncaj qha rho oligosaccharide cov khoom los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso raw khoom. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej, qhov concentration ntawm oligosaccharides hauv lub cev yog qis heev, thiab nws tsis muaj xim thiab tsis muaj nqi. Cov txheej txheem kev npaj yog qhov nyuaj heev, tsis yooj yim rau kev tswj, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom yog siab heev. Cov oligosaccharides ua lag luam los ntawm txoj kev no suav nrog raffinose muab rho tawm los ntawm qab zib beet qab zib thiab taum oligosaccharides muab rho tawm los ntawm cov taum whey. Cov tshuaj hydrolysis ntawm ntuj polysaccharides los npaj oligosaccharides hais txog kev siv tshuaj reagents xws li acid, hydrogen peroxide, thiab lwm yam raws li catalysts. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntuj polysaccharides kom tau txais oligosaccharides, vim qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom, cov khoom zoo tsis yog ib qho yooj yim los xyuas kom meej, cov tawm los yog tsawg, thiab nws tsis yooj yim kom tau txais kev ua haujlwm siab oligosaccharides, yog li nws tsis tau nce qib hauv cov tswv yim. daim ntawv thov. Txoj kev siv tshuaj hluavtaws hluavtaws yog kom tau txais oligosaccharides los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg. Cov oligosaccharides npaj los ntawm txoj kev no muaj siab purity thiab ib qho khoom siv, tab sis qhov nyuaj ntawm oligosaccharide molecular qauv ua rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj synthesis nyuaj. Cov txheej txheem tsis yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg ntawm oligosaccharides tsuas yog txwv rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm oligosaccharides, uas tseem nyob deb ntawm kev tsim khoom. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev lag luam pub thiab tsiaj txhu thiab kev lag luam aquaculture, cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm oligosaccharides yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog cov khoom noj khoom haus loj loj thiab hloov pauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob kev loj hlob. Txoj kev pheej yig dua thiab pheej hmoo tshaj plaws yog siv biotechnology, uas yog enzymatic hydrolysis ntawm ntuj polysaccharides thiab enzymatic catalyzed synthesis los tsim ntau yam oligosaccharides. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm biotechnology thiab enzyme engineering technology, nws tsis yog tsuas yog ua tau los tsim ntau yam oligosaccharides los ntawm enzymatic hydrolysis ntawm tej yam ntuj tso polysaccharides thiab enzymatic catalytic synthesis, tab sis kuj cov nqi ntau lawm yuav txo tau zoo heev, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam pub. thiab kev lag luam aquaculture. kev txhawb nqa.
Enzymatic synthesis ntawm oligosaccharides yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev tsim cov oligosaccharides. Vim lub stereospecificity ntawm cov enzyme-catalyzed cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv substrate, hom thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm glycosidic daim ntawv cog lus, yog li nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj synthesis. Ntau yam tshwj xeeb carbohydrases tau sim los ua ke oligosaccharides, tab sis cov tsiaj uas muab los ntawm carbohydrases muaj cov ntsiab lus tsawg, nyuaj rau purify, thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsis zoo, yog li microbial enzyme feem ntau xaiv. Enzymes siv rau oligosaccharide synthesis suav nrog ntau yam glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases thiab phosphorylases. Cov khoom siv raw siv los ua ke oligosaccharides feem ntau yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, sucrose, lactose, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos no muaj ntau, pheej yig, thiab tuaj yeem siv dav. Piv txwv li, fructooligosaccharides (sucrose li raw khoom), isomalt oligosaccharides, Palatin oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem ua ke los ntawm txoj kev enzymatic.