Physiological kev ua tau zoo
Prebiotics tuaj yeem txhawb txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv hauv lub cev, tsim kom muaj kev sib tw micro-ecological kom zoo dua, ua kom cov hnyuv micro-ecological tshuav nyiaj li cas, thiab tom qab ntawd txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho txoj hnyuv microecology. Piv txwv li, oligosaccharides tuaj yeem txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv Bifidobacterium thiab Lactobacillus, thaum lub sij hawm luv-chain fatty acids thiab qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsim los ntawm cov metabolism ntawm cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau sab nraud kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic thiab cov kab mob enteric spoilage xws li. Raws li Bacteroides, Clostridium thiab Escherichia coli
Probiotics thiab Prebiotics
Bifido yam tseem ceeb ua haujlwm ntawm prebiotics: Feem ntau ntawm cov prebiotics tau txheeb xyuas txog tam sim no tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm bifidobacteria, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog cov prebiotics xaiv txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm bifidobacteria hauv ntau cov nroj tsuag hauv plab. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim qhov tseeb tias Bifidobacterium hlob zoo dua siv hom substrate dua li lwm cov kab mob, thiab tuaj yeem zam cov kab mob luv luv fatty acids (SCFA) thiab acidifying microenvironment los ntawm fermentation. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Bifidobacterium longum genome tau qhia ntau cov protein ua ke tshwj xeeb hauv catabolism ntawm ntau yam carbohydrates, uas ua rau muaj kev sib tw hauv plab ib puag ncig.
Prebiotics tuaj yeem ua rau muaj 10-100-fold nce hauv bifidobacteria flora hauv plab, thiab Rao (1999) tau xaus qhov kev sim ntawm FOS tias cov nyhuv ntawm prebiotics ntawm bifidobacteria yog inversely proportional to the original size of the bifidobacteria. Cov nyhuv yog ntau dua li cov nyhuv ntawm cov koob tshuaj prebiotic.
Prebiotic soluble dietary fiber yam ntxwv: Oligosaccharide prebiotics muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm soluble dietary fiber. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem txo tus nqi pH ntawm cov quav; txo cov tshuaj lom metabolites; nce qhov ntim thiab dej cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov quav, ua kom plab hnyuv peristalsis, thiab txo qhov cem quav; Nws muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ntxuav lub plab, detoxification thiab detoxification. Tsis tas li ntawd, oligosaccharide prebiotics kuj muaj kev zom zaub mov zoo, tsis yooj yim decomposed los ntawm cov enzymes hauv cov qaub ncaug, kua txiv pancreatic, thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag txoj hnyuv loj txhua txoj hauv kev kom metabolized los ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab.
Kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm prebiotics: Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm prebiotics yog qhov theoretical loj, plausible hypotheses uas tuaj yeem siv tau suav nrog kev txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm microbiota thiab metabolic kev ua haujlwm ntawm microbiota, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhim kho plab hnyuv colonization, txhawb kev nqus cov ntxhia, Txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob, khoom noj khoom haus thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav ntawm cov kab mob luv luv fatty acids (SCFA), laxatives thiab txo cov teeb meem microbial metabolism.
Txhim kho thiab tiv thaiv cem quav. Kev noj cov tshuaj oligosaccharides ua haujlwm los ntawm tib neeg lub cev ua rau muaj qhov nce ntawm bifidobacteria. Lub fermentation ntawm oligosaccharides los ntawm bifidobacteria nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv ua rau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm luv luv saw fatty acids xws li acetic acid thiab lactic acid, uas yuav txhawb txoj hnyuv peristalsis, nce feces noo noo, thiab tswj ib tug tej yam osmotic siab tuaj yeem txhim kho thiab tiv thaiv cem quav. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev noj txhua hnub ntawm 6-12g ntawm oligosaccharides muaj qhov pom tseeb los tiv thaiv cem quav hauv ib lub lis piam
Txhawb nqa qhov nqus ntawm cov ntxhia hauv cov ntsiab lus. Tom qab microbial fermentation, oligosaccharide prebiotics tuaj yeem txo qis pH tus nqi ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab txhim kho cov solubility ntawm cov zaub mov, yog li txhawb kev nqus ntawm cov zaub mov xws li calcium thiab magnesium hauv cov hnyuv loj. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias FOS supplementation tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nqus ntawm calcium thiab magnesium hauv nas, nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm calcium nyob rau hauv femur, thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm coprophagia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov stimulating nyhuv ntawm FOS ntawm magnesium nqus. Kev noj haus ntawm GOS tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm calcium hauv cov hnyuv, tab sis kuj txo qis kev nqus ntawm sodium hauv cov hnyuv thiab nce qhov nqus ntawm cov poov tshuaj.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv qog. Prebiotics tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig xws li bifidobacteria thiab lactobacilli los tsim cov metabolites, uas tuaj yeem txhawb kev zom zaub mov, kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, yog li txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv, ua kom cov haujlwm ntawm macrophages, thiab txhim kho lub cev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qib. Cov nyhuv immunomodulatory ntawm oligosaccharide prebiotics tau ua pov thawj tias oligosaccharides tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau cov hlwb thiab cov haujlwm ntawm NK hlwb, thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntau qhov kev sim tsiaj tau pom tias kev loj hlob ntawm bifidobacteria nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob cancer. Cov nyhuv no yog ntaus nqi rau cov hlwb ntawm bifidobacteria, thiab cov tshuaj ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab cov hlwb txhim kho kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev.
Tswj cov roj metabolism. Prebiotics tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov metabolism hauv rog. Kev sim ntawm cov nas mob ntshav qab zib tau pom tias cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav thiab triglyceride ntawm cov nas muaj mob tau txo qis tom qab siv xylo-oligosaccharides los hloov cov piam thaj hauv cov zaub mov. Tib qhov kev sim tau ua tiav rau FOS, thiab nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev sim cov txiaj ntsig uas cov ntshav lipids tau txo qis.
taum pauv oligosaccharide
Prebiotics yog fermented los ntawm cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig hauv lub cev los tsim cov roj ntsha luv luv, xws li acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, thiab lwm yam. Cov organic acids no tuaj yeem txo cov nqi pH thiab ammonia concentration hauv cov hnyuv thiab ua tau zoo. inhibit zus tau tej cov hnyuv spoilage khoom. , thiab txhawb plab hnyuv peristalsis thiab txhawb nqa defecation, tab sis kuj txhim kho lipid metabolism.
Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tau lees paub tias oligosaccharide prebiotics tuaj yeem txo qis pH tus nqi ntawm txoj hnyuv tom qab tau fermented los ntawm cov kab mob, uas ua rau kom tawg ntawm cov complex uas muaj calcium, phosphate thiab magnesium tsim nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov hnyuv. . Kev nqus ntawm cov zaub mov xws li calcium thiab magnesium yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab tiv thaiv kev mob pob txha. [1]
Prebiotics kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho tib neeg kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus thiab lwm cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig siv cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm prebiotics los txhawb lawv tus kheej kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, yog li txhawb cov macrophages los tsim kev ua si, thiab cov macrophages activated yuav secrete tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws tseem yuav txhawb nqa kev faib tawm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lymphocytes, kom cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv loj hlob, yog li txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. [1]
Kev noj zaub mov tsis tu ncua ntawm prebiotics hauv kev noj zaub mov txhua hnub yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg kev noj haus thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv fructooligosaccharides rau noj tshais cereals xws li oatmeal thiab nkig nplej flakes, thiab koj tuaj yeem haus oligosaccharide-nplua nuj dej haus, khoom qab zib, ncuav mog qab zib thiab zaub mov noj. , Rau cov me nyuam mos uas tsis tuaj yeem pub niam mis thiab yuav tsum tau tso siab rau kev pub mis, txhawm rau pab txhim kho lawv txoj kev ua haujlwm ntawm plab hnyuv, cov khoom siv mis nyuj nrog ntxiv fructooligosaccharides thiab galactooligosaccharides tuaj yeem xaiv.